Documentation

Handling stop reasons

When you make a request to the Messages API, Claude's response includes a stop_reason field that indicates why the model stopped generating its response. Understanding these values is crucial for building robust applications that handle different response types appropriately.

For details about stop_reason in the API response, see the Messages API reference.

What is stop_reason?

The stop_reason field is part of every successful Messages API response. Unlike errors, which indicate failures in processing your request, stop_reason tells you why Claude successfully completed its response generation.

Example response

{
  "id": "msg_01234",
  "type": "message",
  "role": "assistant",
  "content": [
    {
      "type": "text",
      "text": "Here's the answer to your question..."
    }
  ],
  "stop_reason": "end_turn",
  "stop_sequence": null,
  "usage": {
    "input_tokens": 100,
    "output_tokens": 50
  }
}

Stop reason values

end_turn

The most common stop reason. Indicates Claude finished its response naturally.

if response.stop_reason == "end_turn":
    # Process the complete response
    print(response.content[0].text)

Empty responses with end_turn

Sometimes Claude returns an empty response (exactly 2-3 tokens with no content) with stop_reason: "end_turn". This typically happens when Claude interprets that the assistant turn is complete, particularly after tool results.

Common causes:

Adding text blocks immediately after tool results (Claude learns to expect the user to always insert text after tool results, so it ends its turn to follow the pattern)
Sending Claude's completed response back without adding anything (Claude already decided it's done, so it will remain done)

How to prevent empty responses:

# INCORRECT: Adding text immediately after tool_result
messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Calculate the sum of 1234 and 5678"},
    {"role": "assistant", "content": [
        {
            "type": "tool_use",
            "id": "toolu_123",
            "name": "calculator",
            "input": {"operation": "add", "a": 1234, "b": 5678}
        }
    ]},
    {"role": "user", "content": [
        {
            "type": "tool_result",
            "tool_use_id": "toolu_123",
            "content": "6912"
        },
        {
            "type": "text",
            "text": "Here's the result"  # Don't add text after tool_result
        }
    ]}
]

# CORRECT: Send tool results directly without additional text
messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Calculate the sum of 1234 and 5678"},
    {"role": "assistant", "content": [
        {
            "type": "tool_use",
            "id": "toolu_123",
            "name": "calculator",
            "input": {"operation": "add", "a": 1234, "b": 5678}
        }
    ]},
    {"role": "user", "content": [
        {
            "type": "tool_result",
            "tool_use_id": "toolu_123",
            "content": "6912"
        }
    ]}  # Just the tool_result, no additional text
]

# If you still get empty responses after fixing the above:
def handle_empty_response(client, messages):
    response = client.messages.create(
        model="claude-sonnet-4-20250514",
        max_tokens=1024,
        messages=messages
    )

    # Check if response is empty
    if (response.stop_reason == "end_turn" and
        not response.content:

        # INCORRECT: Don't just retry with the empty response
        # This won't work because Claude already decided it's done

        # CORRECT: Add a continuation prompt in a NEW user message
        messages.append({"role": "user", "content": "Please continue"})

        response = client.messages.create(
            model="claude-sonnet-4-20250514",
            max_tokens=1024,
            messages=messages
        )

    return response

Best practices:

Never add text blocks immediately after tool results - This teaches Claude to expect user input after every tool use
Don't retry empty responses without modification - Simply sending the empty response back won't help
Use continuation prompts as a last resort - Only if the above fixes don't resolve the issue

max_tokens

Claude stopped because it reached the max_tokens limit specified in your request.

# Request with limited tokens
response = client.messages.create(
    model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
    max_tokens=10,
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Explain quantum physics"}]
)

if response.stop_reason == "max_tokens":
    # Response was truncated
    print("Response was cut off at token limit")
    # Consider making another request to continue

stop_sequence

Claude encountered one of your custom stop sequences.

response = client.messages.create(
    model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
    max_tokens=1024,
    stop_sequences=["END", "STOP"],
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Generate text until you say END"}]
)

if response.stop_reason == "stop_sequence":
    print(f"Stopped at sequence: {response.stop_sequence}")

tool_use

Claude is calling a tool and expects you to execute it.

For most tool use implementations, we recommend using the tool runner which automatically handles tool execution, result formatting, and conversation management.

response = client.messages.create(
    model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
    max_tokens=1024,
    tools=[weather_tool],
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "What's the weather?"}]
)

if response.stop_reason == "tool_use":
    # Extract and execute the tool
    for content in response.content:
        if content.type == "tool_use":
            result = execute_tool(content.name, content.input)
            # Return result to Claude for final response

pause_turn

Used with server tools like web search when Claude needs to pause a long-running operation.

response = client.messages.create(
    model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
    max_tokens=1024,
    tools=[{"type": "web_search_20250305", "name": "web_search"}],
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Search for latest AI news"}]
)

if response.stop_reason == "pause_turn":
    # Continue the conversation
    messages = [
        {"role": "user", "content": original_query},
        {"role": "assistant", "content": response.content}
    ]
    continuation = client.messages.create(
        model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
        messages=messages,
        tools=[{"type": "web_search_20250305", "name": "web_search"}]
    )

refusal

Claude refused to generate a response due to safety concerns.

response = client.messages.create(
    model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
    max_tokens=1024,
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "[Unsafe request]"}]
)

if response.stop_reason == "refusal":
    # Claude declined to respond
    print("Claude was unable to process this request")
    # Consider rephrasing or modifying the request

If you encounter refusal stop reasons frequently while using Claude Sonnet 4.5 or Opus 4.1, you can try updating your API calls to use Sonnet 4 (claude-sonnet-4-20250514), which has different usage restrictions. Learn more about understanding Sonnet 4.5's API safety filters.

To learn more about refusals triggered by API safety filters for Claude Sonnet 4.5, see Understanding Sonnet 4.5's API Safety Filters.

model_context_window_exceeded

Claude stopped because it reached the model's context window limit. This allows you to request the maximum possible tokens without knowing the exact input size.

# Request with maximum tokens to get as much as possible
response = client.messages.create(
    model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
    max_tokens=64000,  # Model's maximum output tokens
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Large input that uses most of context window..."}]
)

if response.stop_reason == "model_context_window_exceeded":
    # Response hit context window limit before max_tokens
    print("Response reached model's context window limit")
    # The response is still valid but was limited by context window

This stop reason is available by default in Sonnet 4.5 and newer models. For earlier models, use the beta header model-context-window-exceeded-2025-08-26 to enable this behavior.

Best practices for handling stop reasons

1. Always check stop_reason

Make it a habit to check the stop_reason in your response handling logic:

def handle_response(response):
    if response.stop_reason == "tool_use":
        return handle_tool_use(response)
    elif response.stop_reason == "max_tokens":
        return handle_truncation(response)
    elif response.stop_reason == "model_context_window_exceeded":
        return handle_context_limit(response)
    elif response.stop_reason == "pause_turn":
        return handle_pause(response)
    elif response.stop_reason == "refusal":
        return handle_refusal(response)
    else:
        # Handle end_turn and other cases
        return response.content[0].text

2. Handle truncated responses gracefully

When a response is truncated due to token limits or context window:

def handle_truncated_response(response):
    if response.stop_reason in ["max_tokens", "model_context_window_exceeded"]:
        # Option 1: Warn the user about the specific limit
        if response.stop_reason == "max_tokens":
            message = "[Response truncated due to max_tokens limit]"
        else:
            message = "[Response truncated due to context window limit]"
        return f"{response.content[0].text}\n\n{message}"

        # Option 2: Continue generation
        messages = [
            {"role": "user", "content": original_prompt},
            {"role": "assistant", "content": response.content[0].text}
        ]
        continuation = client.messages.create(
            model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
            max_tokens=1024,
            messages=messages + [{"role": "user", "content": "Please continue"}]
        )
        return response.content[0].text + continuation.content[0].text

3. Implement retry logic for pause_turn

For server tools that may pause:

def handle_paused_conversation(initial_response, max_retries=3):
    response = initial_response
    messages = [{"role": "user", "content": original_query}]
    
    for attempt in range(max_retries):
        if response.stop_reason != "pause_turn":
            break
            
        messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": response.content})
        response = client.messages.create(
            model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
            messages=messages,
            tools=original_tools
        )
    
    return response

Stop reasons vs. errors

It's important to distinguish between stop_reason values and actual errors:

Stop reasons (successful responses)

Part of the response body
Indicate why generation stopped normally
Response contains valid content

Errors (failed requests)

HTTP status codes 4xx or 5xx
Indicate request processing failures
Response contains error details

try:
    response = client.messages.create(...)
    
    # Handle successful response with stop_reason
    if response.stop_reason == "max_tokens":
        print("Response was truncated")
    
except anthropic.APIError as e:
    # Handle actual errors
    if e.status_code == 429:
        print("Rate limit exceeded")
    elif e.status_code == 500:
        print("Server error")

Streaming considerations

When using streaming, stop_reason is:

null in the initial message_start event
Provided in the message_delta event
Not provided in any other events

with client.messages.stream(...) as stream:
    for event in stream:
        if event.type == "message_delta":
            stop_reason = event.delta.stop_reason
            if stop_reason:
                print(f"Stream ended with: {stop_reason}")

Common patterns

Handling tool use workflows

Simpler with tool runner: The example below shows manual tool handling. For most use cases, the tool runner automatically handles tool execution with much less code.

def complete_tool_workflow(client, user_query, tools):
    messages = [{"role": "user", "content": user_query}]

    while True:
        response = client.messages.create(
            model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
            messages=messages,
            tools=tools
        )

        if response.stop_reason == "tool_use":
            # Execute tools and continue
            tool_results = execute_tools(response.content)
            messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": response.content})
            messages.append({"role": "user", "content": tool_results})
        else:
            # Final response
            return response

Ensuring complete responses

def get_complete_response(client, prompt, max_attempts=3):
    messages = [{"role": "user", "content": prompt}]
    full_response = ""

    for _ in range(max_attempts):
        response = client.messages.create(
            model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
            messages=messages,
            max_tokens=4096
        )

        full_response += response.content[0].text

        if response.stop_reason != "max_tokens":
            break

        # Continue from where it left off
        messages = [
            {"role": "user", "content": prompt},
            {"role": "assistant", "content": full_response},
            {"role": "user", "content": "Please continue from where you left off."}
        ]

    return full_response

Getting maximum tokens without knowing input size

With the model_context_window_exceeded stop reason, you can request the maximum possible tokens without calculating input size:

def get_max_possible_tokens(client, prompt):
    """
    Get as many tokens as possible within the model's context window
    without needing to calculate input token count
    """
    response = client.messages.create(
        model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
        messages=[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
        max_tokens=64000  # Set to model's maximum output tokens
    )

    if response.stop_reason == "model_context_window_exceeded":
        # Got the maximum possible tokens given input size
        print(f"Generated {response.usage.output_tokens} tokens (context limit reached)")
    elif response.stop_reason == "max_tokens":
        # Got exactly the requested tokens
        print(f"Generated {response.usage.output_tokens} tokens (max_tokens reached)")
    else:
        # Natural completion
        print(f"Generated {response.usage.output_tokens} tokens (natural completion)")

    return response.content[0].text

By properly handling stop_reason values, you can build more robust applications that gracefully handle different response scenarios and provide better user experiences.

Documentation

Handling stop reasons

For details about stop_reason in the API response, see the Messages API reference.

What is stop_reason?

Example response

{
  "id": "msg_01234",
  "type": "message",
  "role": "assistant",
  "content": [
    {
      "type": "text",
      "text": "Here's the answer to your question..."
    }
  ],
  "stop_reason": "end_turn",
  "stop_sequence": null,
  "usage": {
    "input_tokens": 100,
    "output_tokens": 50
  }
}

Stop reason values

end_turn

The most common stop reason. Indicates Claude finished its response naturally.

if response.stop_reason == "end_turn":
    # Process the complete response
    print(response.content[0].text)

Empty responses with end_turn

Common causes:

Adding text blocks immediately after tool results (Claude learns to expect the user to always insert text after tool results, so it ends its turn to follow the pattern)
Sending Claude's completed response back without adding anything (Claude already decided it's done, so it will remain done)

How to prevent empty responses:

# INCORRECT: Adding text immediately after tool_result
messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Calculate the sum of 1234 and 5678"},
    {"role": "assistant", "content": [
        {
            "type": "tool_use",
            "id": "toolu_123",
            "name": "calculator",
            "input": {"operation": "add", "a": 1234, "b": 5678}
        }
    ]},
    {"role": "user", "content": [
        {
            "type": "tool_result",
            "tool_use_id": "toolu_123",
            "content": "6912"
        },
        {
            "type": "text",
            "text": "Here's the result"  # Don't add text after tool_result
        }
    ]}
]

# CORRECT: Send tool results directly without additional text
messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Calculate the sum of 1234 and 5678"},
    {"role": "assistant", "content": [
        {
            "type": "tool_use",
            "id": "toolu_123",
            "name": "calculator",
            "input": {"operation": "add", "a": 1234, "b": 5678}
        }
    ]},
    {"role": "user", "content": [
        {
            "type": "tool_result",
            "tool_use_id": "toolu_123",
            "content": "6912"
        }
    ]}  # Just the tool_result, no additional text
]

# If you still get empty responses after fixing the above:
def handle_empty_response(client, messages):
    response = client.messages.create(
        model="claude-sonnet-4-20250514",
        max_tokens=1024,
        messages=messages
    )

    # Check if response is empty
    if (response.stop_reason == "end_turn" and
        not response.content:

        # INCORRECT: Don't just retry with the empty response
        # This won't work because Claude already decided it's done

        # CORRECT: Add a continuation prompt in a NEW user message
        messages.append({"role": "user", "content": "Please continue"})

        response = client.messages.create(
            model="claude-sonnet-4-20250514",
            max_tokens=1024,
            messages=messages
        )

    return response

Best practices:

Never add text blocks immediately after tool results - This teaches Claude to expect user input after every tool use
Don't retry empty responses without modification - Simply sending the empty response back won't help
Use continuation prompts as a last resort - Only if the above fixes don't resolve the issue

max_tokens

Claude stopped because it reached the max_tokens limit specified in your request.

# Request with limited tokens
response = client.messages.create(
    model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
    max_tokens=10,
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Explain quantum physics"}]
)

if response.stop_reason == "max_tokens":
    # Response was truncated
    print("Response was cut off at token limit")
    # Consider making another request to continue

stop_sequence

Claude encountered one of your custom stop sequences.

response = client.messages.create(
    model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
    max_tokens=1024,
    stop_sequences=["END", "STOP"],
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Generate text until you say END"}]
)

if response.stop_reason == "stop_sequence":
    print(f"Stopped at sequence: {response.stop_sequence}")

tool_use

Claude is calling a tool and expects you to execute it.

For most tool use implementations, we recommend using the tool runner which automatically handles tool execution, result formatting, and conversation management.

response = client.messages.create(
    model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
    max_tokens=1024,
    tools=[weather_tool],
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "What's the weather?"}]
)

if response.stop_reason == "tool_use":
    # Extract and execute the tool
    for content in response.content:
        if content.type == "tool_use":
            result = execute_tool(content.name, content.input)
            # Return result to Claude for final response

pause_turn

Used with server tools like web search when Claude needs to pause a long-running operation.

response = client.messages.create(
    model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
    max_tokens=1024,
    tools=[{"type": "web_search_20250305", "name": "web_search"}],
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Search for latest AI news"}]
)

if response.stop_reason == "pause_turn":
    # Continue the conversation
    messages = [
        {"role": "user", "content": original_query},
        {"role": "assistant", "content": response.content}
    ]
    continuation = client.messages.create(
        model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
        messages=messages,
        tools=[{"type": "web_search_20250305", "name": "web_search"}]
    )

refusal

Claude refused to generate a response due to safety concerns.

response = client.messages.create(
    model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
    max_tokens=1024,
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "[Unsafe request]"}]
)

if response.stop_reason == "refusal":
    # Claude declined to respond
    print("Claude was unable to process this request")
    # Consider rephrasing or modifying the request

To learn more about refusals triggered by API safety filters for Claude Sonnet 4.5, see Understanding Sonnet 4.5's API Safety Filters.

model_context_window_exceeded

Claude stopped because it reached the model's context window limit. This allows you to request the maximum possible tokens without knowing the exact input size.

# Request with maximum tokens to get as much as possible
response = client.messages.create(
    model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
    max_tokens=64000,  # Model's maximum output tokens
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Large input that uses most of context window..."}]
)

if response.stop_reason == "model_context_window_exceeded":
    # Response hit context window limit before max_tokens
    print("Response reached model's context window limit")
    # The response is still valid but was limited by context window

This stop reason is available by default in Sonnet 4.5 and newer models. For earlier models, use the beta header model-context-window-exceeded-2025-08-26 to enable this behavior.

Best practices for handling stop reasons

1. Always check stop_reason

Make it a habit to check the stop_reason in your response handling logic:

def handle_response(response):
    if response.stop_reason == "tool_use":
        return handle_tool_use(response)
    elif response.stop_reason == "max_tokens":
        return handle_truncation(response)
    elif response.stop_reason == "model_context_window_exceeded":
        return handle_context_limit(response)
    elif response.stop_reason == "pause_turn":
        return handle_pause(response)
    elif response.stop_reason == "refusal":
        return handle_refusal(response)
    else:
        # Handle end_turn and other cases
        return response.content[0].text

2. Handle truncated responses gracefully

When a response is truncated due to token limits or context window:

def handle_truncated_response(response):
    if response.stop_reason in ["max_tokens", "model_context_window_exceeded"]:
        # Option 1: Warn the user about the specific limit
        if response.stop_reason == "max_tokens":
            message = "[Response truncated due to max_tokens limit]"
        else:
            message = "[Response truncated due to context window limit]"
        return f"{response.content[0].text}\n\n{message}"

        # Option 2: Continue generation
        messages = [
            {"role": "user", "content": original_prompt},
            {"role": "assistant", "content": response.content[0].text}
        ]
        continuation = client.messages.create(
            model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
            max_tokens=1024,
            messages=messages + [{"role": "user", "content": "Please continue"}]
        )
        return response.content[0].text + continuation.content[0].text

3. Implement retry logic for pause_turn

For server tools that may pause:

def handle_paused_conversation(initial_response, max_retries=3):
    response = initial_response
    messages = [{"role": "user", "content": original_query}]
    
    for attempt in range(max_retries):
        if response.stop_reason != "pause_turn":
            break
            
        messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": response.content})
        response = client.messages.create(
            model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
            messages=messages,
            tools=original_tools
        )
    
    return response

Stop reasons vs. errors

It's important to distinguish between stop_reason values and actual errors:

Stop reasons (successful responses)

Part of the response body
Indicate why generation stopped normally
Response contains valid content

Errors (failed requests)

HTTP status codes 4xx or 5xx
Indicate request processing failures
Response contains error details

try:
    response = client.messages.create(...)
    
    # Handle successful response with stop_reason
    if response.stop_reason == "max_tokens":
        print("Response was truncated")
    
except anthropic.APIError as e:
    # Handle actual errors
    if e.status_code == 429:
        print("Rate limit exceeded")
    elif e.status_code == 500:
        print("Server error")

Streaming considerations

When using streaming, stop_reason is:

null in the initial message_start event
Provided in the message_delta event
Not provided in any other events

with client.messages.stream(...) as stream:
    for event in stream:
        if event.type == "message_delta":
            stop_reason = event.delta.stop_reason
            if stop_reason:
                print(f"Stream ended with: {stop_reason}")

Common patterns

Handling tool use workflows

Simpler with tool runner: The example below shows manual tool handling. For most use cases, the tool runner automatically handles tool execution with much less code.

def complete_tool_workflow(client, user_query, tools):
    messages = [{"role": "user", "content": user_query}]

    while True:
        response = client.messages.create(
            model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
            messages=messages,
            tools=tools
        )

        if response.stop_reason == "tool_use":
            # Execute tools and continue
            tool_results = execute_tools(response.content)
            messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": response.content})
            messages.append({"role": "user", "content": tool_results})
        else:
            # Final response
            return response

Ensuring complete responses

def get_complete_response(client, prompt, max_attempts=3):
    messages = [{"role": "user", "content": prompt}]
    full_response = ""

    for _ in range(max_attempts):
        response = client.messages.create(
            model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
            messages=messages,
            max_tokens=4096
        )

        full_response += response.content[0].text

        if response.stop_reason != "max_tokens":
            break

        # Continue from where it left off
        messages = [
            {"role": "user", "content": prompt},
            {"role": "assistant", "content": full_response},
            {"role": "user", "content": "Please continue from where you left off."}
        ]

    return full_response

Getting maximum tokens without knowing input size

With the model_context_window_exceeded stop reason, you can request the maximum possible tokens without calculating input size:

def get_max_possible_tokens(client, prompt):
    """
    Get as many tokens as possible within the model's context window
    without needing to calculate input token count
    """
    response = client.messages.create(
        model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
        messages=[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
        max_tokens=64000  # Set to model's maximum output tokens
    )

    if response.stop_reason == "model_context_window_exceeded":
        # Got the maximum possible tokens given input size
        print(f"Generated {response.usage.output_tokens} tokens (context limit reached)")
    elif response.stop_reason == "max_tokens":
        # Got exactly the requested tokens
        print(f"Generated {response.usage.output_tokens} tokens (max_tokens reached)")
    else:
        # Natural completion
        print(f"Generated {response.usage.output_tokens} tokens (natural completion)")

    return response.content[0].text

By properly handling stop_reason values, you can build more robust applications that gracefully handle different response scenarios and provide better user experiences.