访问内容审核 cookbook,查看使用 Claude 实现内容审核的示例。
以下是一些关键指标,表明您应该使用像 Claude 这样的 LLM,而不是传统的机器学习或基于规则的方法来进行内容审核:
在开发内容审核解决方案之前,首先创建应被标记的内容示例和不应被标记的内容示例。确保包含边缘案例和可能难以被内容审核系统有效处理的挑战性场景。之后,审查您的示例以创建一个定义明确的审核类别列表。 例如,社交媒体平台生成的示例可能包括以下内容:
allowed_user_comments = [
"This movie was great, I really enjoyed it. The main actor really killed it!",
"I hate Mondays.",
"It is a great time to invest in gold!",
]
disallowed_user_comments = [
"Delete this post now or you better hide. I am coming after you and your family.",
"Stay away from the 5G cellphones!! They are using 5G to control you.",
"Congratulations! You have won a $1,000 gift card. Click here to claim your prize!",
]
# 用于测试内容审核的示例用户评论
user_comments = allowed_user_comments + disallowed_user_comments
# 内容审核中被视为不安全的类别列表
unsafe_categories = [
"Child Exploitation",
"Conspiracy Theories",
"Hate",
"Indiscriminate Weapons",
"Intellectual Property",
"Non-Violent Crimes",
"Privacy",
"Self-Harm",
"Sex Crimes",
"Sexual Content",
"Specialized Advice",
"Violent Crimes",
]有效地审核这些示例需要对语言有细致入微的理解。在评论 This movie was great, I really enjoyed it. The main actor really killed it! 中,内容审核系统需要识别出 "killed it" 是一种比喻,而不是实际暴力的暗示。相反,尽管没有明确提及暴力,评论 Delete this post now or you better hide. I am coming after you and your family. 应该被内容审核系统标记。
unsafe_categories 列表可以根据您的具体需求进行自定义。例如,如果您希望防止未成年人在您的网站上创建内容,可以将 "Underage Posting"(未成年人发帖)添加到列表中。
在选择模型时,考虑数据规模非常重要。如果成本是一个考虑因素,像 Claude Haiku 4.5 这样的小型模型因其成本效益而成为绝佳选择。以下是对一个每月接收十亿条帖子的社交媒体平台进行文本审核的成本估算:
内容规模
预估令牌数
Claude Haiku 4.5 预估成本
Claude Opus 4.8 预估成本
explanation 字段,可以进一步减少输出令牌数。为了使用 Claude 进行内容审核,Claude 必须了解您应用的审核要求。让我们从编写一个允许您定义审核需求的提示开始:
import json
# 初始化 Anthropic 客户端
client = anthropic.Anthropic()
def moderate_message(message, unsafe_categories):
# 将不安全类别列表转换为字符串,每个类别占一行
unsafe_category_str = "\n".join(unsafe_categories)
# 为 Claude 构建提示,包含消息内容和不安全类别
assessment_prompt = f"""
Determine whether the following message warrants moderation,
based on the unsafe categories outlined below.
Message:
<message>{message}</message>
Unsafe Categories:
<categories>
{unsafe_category_str}
</categories>
Respond with ONLY a JSON object, using the format below:
{{
"violation": <Boolean field denoting whether the message should be moderated>,
"categories": [Comma-separated list of violated categories],
"explanation": [Optional. Only include if there is a violation.]
}}"""
# 向 Claude 发送内容审核请求
response = client.messages.create(
model="claude-haiku-4-5-20251001", # Using the Haiku model for lower costs
max_tokens=200,
temperature=0, # Use 0 temperature for increased consistency
messages=[{"role": "user", "content": assessment_prompt}],
)
# 解析 Claude 返回的 JSON 响应
assessment = json.loads(response.content[0].text)
# 从评估结果中提取违规状态
contains_violation = assessment["violation"]
# 如果存在违规,获取相应类别和说明;否则使用空的默认值
violated_categories = assessment.get("categories", []) if contains_violation else []
explanation = assessment.get("explanation") if contains_violation else None
return contains_violation, violated_categories, explanation
# 处理每条评论并打印结果
for comment in user_comments:
print(f"\nComment: {comment}")
violation, violated_categories, explanation = moderate_message(
comment, unsafe_categories
)
if violation:
print(f"Violated Categories: {', '.join(violated_categories)}")
print(f"Explanation: {explanation}")
else:
print("No issues detected.")在此示例中,moderate_message 函数包含一个评估提示,其中包括不安全内容类别和要评估的消息。该提示要求 Claude 根据上面定义的不安全类别评估消息是否应被审核。
然后解析模型的评估结果以确定是否存在违规。如果存在违规,Claude 还会返回违规类别列表,以及关于该消息为何不安全的解释。
内容审核是一个分类问题。因此,您可以使用分类 cookbook 中概述的相同技术来确定内容审核系统的准确性。
另一个需要考虑的因素是,您可以创建多个类别来表示不同的风险级别,而不是将内容审核视为二元分类问题。创建多个风险级别允许您调整审核的严格程度。例如,您可能希望自动屏蔽被认为高风险的用户查询,而对于有许多中等风险查询的用户则标记为需要人工审核。
import json
# 初始化 Anthropic 客户端
client = anthropic.Anthropic()
def assess_risk_level(message, unsafe_categories):
# 将不安全类别列表转换为字符串,每个类别占一行
unsafe_category_str = "\n".join(unsafe_categories)
# 为 Claude 构建提示,包含消息内容、不安全类别和风险等级定义
assessment_prompt = f"""
Assess the risk level of the following message,
based on the unsafe categories listed below.
Message:
<message>{message}</message>
Unsafe Categories:
<categories>
{unsafe_category_str}
</categories>
Assign a risk level based on your confidence that the user's message should be moderated
based on the defined unsafe categories:
0 - No risk
1 - Low risk
2 - Medium risk
3 - High risk
Respond with ONLY a JSON object, using the format below:
{{
"risk_level": <Numerical field denoting the risk level>,
"categories": [Comma-separated list of violated categories],
"explanation": <Optional. Only include if risk level is greater than 0>
}}"""
# 向 Claude 发送请求以进行风险评估
response = client.messages.create(
model="claude-haiku-4-5-20251001", # Using the Haiku model for lower costs
max_tokens=200,
temperature=0, # Use 0 temperature for increased consistency
messages=[{"role": "user", "content": assessment_prompt}],
)
# 解析 Claude 返回的 JSON 响应
assessment = json.loads(response.content[0].text)
# 从评估结果中提取风险等级、违规类别和解释说明
risk_level = assessment["risk_level"]
violated_categories = assessment["categories"]
explanation = assessment.get("explanation")
return risk_level, violated_categories, explanation
# 处理每条评论并打印结果
for comment in user_comments:
print(f"\nComment: {comment}")
risk_level, violated_categories, explanation = assess_risk_level(
comment, unsafe_categories
)
print(f"Risk Level: {risk_level}")
if violated_categories:
print(f"Violated Categories: {', '.join(violated_categories)}")
if explanation:
print(f"Explanation: {explanation}")此代码实现了一个 assess_risk_level 函数,该函数使用 Claude 评估消息的风险级别。该函数接受一条消息和一个不安全类别列表作为输入。
在函数内部,为 Claude 生成一个提示,其中包括要评估的消息、不安全类别以及评估风险级别的具体说明。该提示指示 Claude 以 JSON 对象的形式响应,其中包括风险级别、违规类别和可选的解释。
这种方法通过分配风险级别实现了灵活的内容审核。它可以无缝集成到更大的系统中,以根据评估的风险级别自动过滤内容或标记评论以供人工审核。例如,在执行此代码时,评论 Delete this post now or you better hide. I am coming after you and your family. 由于其危险的威胁性而被识别为高风险。相反,评论 Stay away from the 5G cellphones!! They are using 5G to control you. 被归类为中等风险。
一旦您对解决方案的质量有信心,就可以将其部署到生产环境。以下是在生产环境中使用内容审核时应遵循的一些最佳实践:
向用户提供清晰的反馈: 当用户输入因内容审核而被屏蔽或响应被标记时,提供信息丰富且具有建设性的反馈,帮助用户了解其消息被标记的原因以及如何适当地重新表述。在前面的代码示例中,这是通过 Claude 响应中的 explanation 字段实现的。
分析被审核的内容: 跟踪审核系统标记的内容类型,以识别趋势和潜在的改进领域。
持续评估和改进: 使用精确率和召回率跟踪等指标定期评估内容审核系统的性能。利用这些数据迭代优化您的审核提示、关键词和评估标准。
在复杂场景中,除了标准的提示工程技术之外,考虑其他策略来提升性能可能会有所帮助。以下是一些高级策略:
除了在提示中列出不安全类别外,还可以通过提供与每个类别相关的定义和短语来进一步改进。
import json
# 初始化 Anthropic 客户端
client = anthropic.Anthropic()
# 用于内容审核的不安全类别字典,包含各类别的定义
unsafe_category_definitions = {
"Child Exploitation": "Content that depicts child nudity or that enables, encourages, excuses, or depicts the sexual abuse of children.",
"Conspiracy Theories": """Content that promotes or endorses unfounded, false, or misleading theories about events, situations, or individuals,
which can incite harm or undermine public trust in institutions or facts.""",
"Hate": """Content that is hateful toward people on the basis of their protected characteristics
(race, color, ethnicity, national origin, disability, religious affiliation, caste, sexual orientation, sex, gender identity and serious disease),
or content that perpetuates negative stereotypes.""",
"Indiscriminate Weapons": "Content that enables the creation of weapons of mass destruction.",
"Intellectual Property": "Content that violates the intellectual property rights of third parties.",
"Non-Violent Crimes": "Content that enables, encourages, or excuses the commission of non-violent crimes.",
"Privacy": "Content that contains sensitive, personal information about private individuals.",
"Self-Harm": "Content that enables, encourages, or excuses acts of intentional self-harm.",
"Sex Crimes": "Content that enables, encourages, or excuses the commission of sex crimes.",
"Sexual Content": "Content that contains erotic descriptions or explicit depictions of sex acts.",
"Specialized Advice": """Content that contains financial, medical, or legal advice.
Financial advice includes guidance on investments, stocks, bonds, or any financial planning.""",
"Violent Crimes": "Content that enables, encourages, or excuses the commission of violent crimes.",
}
def moderate_message_with_definitions(message, unsafe_category_definitions):
# 格式化不安全类别字符串,每个类别及其定义各占一行
unsafe_category_str = "\n".join(
f"{category}: {definition}"
for category, definition in unsafe_category_definitions.items()
)
# 构建发送给 Claude 的提示,包含消息内容和不安全类别
assessment_prompt = f"""Determine whether the following message warrants moderation, based on the unsafe categories outlined below.
Message:
<message>{message}</message>
Unsafe Categories and Their Definitions:
<categories>
{unsafe_category_str}
</categories>
It's important that you remember all unsafe categories and their definitions.
Respond with ONLY a JSON object, using the format below:
{{
"violation": <Boolean field denoting whether the message should be moderated>,
"categories": [Comma-separated list of violated categories],
"explanation": [Optional. Only include if there is a violation.]
}}"""
# 向 Claude 发送内容审核请求
response = client.messages.create(
model="claude-haiku-4-5-20251001", # Using the Haiku model for lower costs
max_tokens=200,
temperature=0, # Use 0 temperature for increased consistency
messages=[{"role": "user", "content": assessment_prompt}],
)
# 解析 Claude 返回的 JSON 响应
assessment = json.loads(response.content[0].text)
# 从评估结果中提取违规状态
contains_violation = assessment["violation"]
# 如果存在违规,获取相应类别和说明;否则使用空的默认值
violated_categories = assessment.get("categories", []) if contains_violation else []
explanation = assessment.get("explanation") if contains_violation else None
return contains_violation, violated_categories, explanation
# 处理每条评论并打印结果
for comment in user_comments:
print(f"\nComment: {comment}")
violation, violated_categories, explanation = moderate_message_with_definitions(
comment, unsafe_category_definitions
)
if violation:
print(f"Violated Categories: {', '.join(violated_categories)}")
print(f"Explanation: {explanation}")
else:
print("No issues detected.")moderate_message_with_definitions 函数在之前的 moderate_message 函数基础上进行了扩展,允许每个不安全类别与详细定义配对。在代码中,这是通过将原始函数中的 unsafe_categories 列表替换为 unsafe_category_definitions 字典来实现的。该字典将每个不安全类别映射到其相应的定义。类别名称及其定义都包含在提示中。
值得注意的是,Specialized Advice 类别的定义现在指定了应禁止的财务建议类型。因此,之前通过 moderate_message 评估的评论 It is a great time to invest in gold! 现在会触发违规。
在不需要实时审核的情况下,为了降低成本,可以考虑批量审核消息。在提示的上下文中包含多条消息,并要求 Claude 评估哪些消息应被审核。
import json
# 初始化 Anthropic 客户端
client = anthropic.Anthropic()
def batch_moderate_messages(messages, unsafe_categories):
# 将不安全类别列表转换为字符串,每个类别占一行
unsafe_category_str = "\n".join(unsafe_categories)
# 格式化消息字符串,每条消息用类 XML 标签包裹并赋予一个 ID
messages_str = "\n".join(
[f"<message id={idx}>{msg}</message>" for idx, msg in enumerate(messages)]
)
# 为 Claude 构建提示,包含消息和不安全类别
assessment_prompt = f"""Determine the messages to moderate, based on the unsafe categories outlined below.
Messages:
<messages>
{messages_str}
</messages>
Unsafe Categories:
<categories>
{unsafe_category_str}
</categories>
Respond with ONLY a JSON object, using the format below:
{{
"violations": [
{{
"id": <message id>,
"categories": [list of violated categories],
"explanation": <Explanation of why there's a violation>
}},
...
]
}}
Important Notes:
- Remember to analyze every message for a violation.
- Select any number of violations that reasonably apply."""
# 向 Claude 发送内容审核请求
response = client.messages.create(
model="claude-haiku-4-5-20251001", # Using the Haiku model for lower costs
max_tokens=2048, # Increased max token count to handle batches
temperature=0, # Use 0 temperature for increased consistency
messages=[{"role": "user", "content": assessment_prompt}],
)
# 解析 Claude 返回的 JSON 响应
assessment = json.loads(response.content[0].text)
return assessment
# 处理这批评论并获取响应
response_obj = batch_moderate_messages(user_comments, unsafe_categories)
# 打印每个检测到的违规项的结果
for violation in response_obj["violations"]:
print(f"""Comment: {user_comments[violation["id"]]}
Violated Categories: {", ".join(violation["categories"])}
Explanation: {violation["explanation"]}
""")在此示例中,batch_moderate_messages 函数通过单次 Claude API 调用处理整批消息的审核。
在函数内部,创建了一个提示,其中包括要评估的消息列表和不安全内容类别。该提示指示 Claude 返回一个 JSON 对象,列出所有包含违规内容的消息。响应中的每条消息都通过其 id 进行标识,该 id 对应于消息在输入列表中的位置。
请记住,找到适合您特定需求的最佳批处理大小可能需要一些实验。虽然较大的批处理大小可以降低成本,但也可能导致质量略有下降。此外,您可能需要增加 Claude API 调用中的 max_tokens 参数以容纳更长的响应。有关所选模型可以输出的最大令牌数的详细信息,请参阅模型对比表。
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